Exploring Saudi Arabia: What Travelers Need To Know

Saudi Arabia is a Level 2 country, meaning that visitors should exercise increased caution due to the threat of missile and drone attacks from Yemen and terrorism. Some areas are deemed higher risk, such as within 20 miles of the Saudi-Yemen border and Qatif in the Eastern Province. The U.S. Embassy and Consulate personnel must adhere to these travel restrictions, and the U.S. government has limited ability to assist U.S. citizens in these locations.

Terrorism is a concern in Saudi Arabia, with attacks on Saudi and international interests, including religious sites and places frequented by U.S. citizens. Social media activity deemed critical or offensive by Saudi authorities could also lead to arrest, with U.S. citizens having been arrested for past activity outside of the country.

Additionally, there are strict laws regarding the importation of prohibited items, such as drugs, alcohol, weapons, and gambling-related items. Bringing materials considered obscene or suggestive is also prohibited, with severe penalties by U.S. standards.

Border areas with Yemen and Iraq

The Saudi Arabia–Yemen border is 1,307 km (812 mi) long, starting on the Red Sea coast just north of Midi and extending to the tripoint with Oman in the east. The UK's FCDO advises against all travel to within 10km of the border with Yemen, and all but essential travel to areas between 10km and 80km from the border. The US government advises against travel to within 20 miles (32.19km) of the Saudi-Yemen border, including the city of Najran. The Australian government advises against travel to areas within 30km of the border with Yemen, and to reconsider the need to travel between 30km and 80km of the border.

The ongoing conflict in Yemen poses a significant risk to travellers in the region. Yemen has launched missiles, drones, and waterborne improvised explosive devices (IEDs) into Saudi Arabia, targeting critical infrastructure such as aviation and oil facilities. Although most of these weapons are intercepted and destroyed by Saudi air defence systems, there is still a high risk of harm to civilians, especially near the border with Yemen. Terrorist groups continue to plot possible attacks in Saudi Arabia, and the threat of terrorism is ever-present. Military clashes along the border have resulted in casualties on both sides.

In addition to the security concerns, there are several other factors to consider when travelling to the border regions between Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Saudi Tourism Authority has banned tourist trips to military zones and border posts. Moreover, the authorities can temporarily close airports near the Saudi Arabia-Yemen border, so it is essential to check with your airline before travelling to airports in the vicinity of the border. Finally, it is worth noting that the standards of conduct and religious norms in Saudi Arabia are extremely conservative, and failure to adhere to these norms may result in negative consequences.

Drone and missile attacks

The Abqaiq-Khurais Attack

One notable instance of a drone and missile attack on Saudi Arabia was the Abqaiq-Khurais attack on 14 September 2019. The attack was carried out by drones and cruise missiles on oil processing facilities in Abqaiq and Khurais in eastern Saudi Arabia. These facilities were operated by Saudi Aramco, the country's state-owned oil company. The attack caused large fires at the processing facilities, which were put out several hours later. The facilities were shut down for repairs, cutting Saudi Arabia's oil production by about half, representing about 5% of global oil production.

Other Drone and Missile Attacks

In addition to the Abqaiq-Khurais attack, there have been several other instances of drone and missile attacks on Saudi Arabia by the Houthis. For example, in June 2019, the Houthis launched cruise missiles at Abha International Airport, killing one civilian and wounding 47 others. In March 2018, Houthi forces targeted Riyadh with missile attacks, with debris falling on the capital and killing one person.

The United States and Saudi Arabia have accused Iran of providing support to the Houthis, including dispatching technicians to Yemen to train them on drone and missile technology. Iran has denied these allegations.

Impact on Travel to Saudi Arabia

The threat of drone and missile attacks is a significant consideration for individuals planning to travel to Saudi Arabia. The U.S. Department of State has issued a Level 2 Travel Advisory for Saudi Arabia, recommending that individuals exercise increased caution due to the threat of missile and drone attacks, particularly within 20 miles of the Saudi-Yemen border. The U.K. and Australian governments have also advised their citizens to exercise a high degree of caution when travelling to Saudi Arabia due to the threat of missile and drone attacks.

Importing prohibited items

Saudi Arabia has a strict list of prohibited and restricted items that are not allowed to be imported into the country. Here is a comprehensive guide to help you understand the restrictions and prohibited items when travelling to Saudi Arabia:

Religious and Cultural Restrictions:

• Any material contrary to Islamic culture and customs is prohibited. This includes religious books and items associated with religions other than Islam, such as Bibles, Christmas trees, crosses, crucifixes, and Stars of David.
• All types of statues or objects of human or animal form that might be used for religious worship are banned.
• Pictures, pornographic movies, sex toys, and any items of a similar nature are strictly forbidden.
• Pork and pork products are not allowed in Saudi Arabia due to religious reasons.

Weapons and Dangerous Items:

• Weapons, firearms, ammunition, explosives, fireworks, spears, and other edged weapons are strictly prohibited.
• Natural pearls are banned, while cultured pearls are allowed in small quantities.
• Radio transmitter/communication equipment, including walkie-talkies, short-wave radios, and police band equipment, are not permitted without special approval.
• Binoculars, night-vision equipment, drones, and other surveillance devices are restricted.
• Lottery tickets, gambling machines, and accessories are prohibited.
• All types of medicines, including prescription drugs and medical devices, are banned unless accompanied by a doctor's prescription and for personal use only.

Alcohol and Narcotics:

• Alcohol, including flavouring extracts, cooking wines, liquor, and items containing liquor, are strictly forbidden.
• Wine-making kits, alcohol distilling equipment, and books on manufacturing alcoholic beverages are prohibited.
• Narcotics and drugs, including synthetic marijuana, are banned.

Food and Agricultural Restrictions:

• Perishable food items, including those that require special transportation and storage conditions, are not allowed.
• Live animals and insects are prohibited from being imported.
• Dead animals or their parts, such as furs, skins, and fangs, are not permitted.
• Seeds and plants are restricted due to the risk of introducing bacteria, microorganisms, or diseases into the country.

Other Prohibited Items:

• Archaeological artifacts require special approval from the Saudi authorities.
• Hazardous materials, such as chemicals, explosives, fuels, fertilizers, and poisons, are banned.
• Radioactive products or elements are prohibited.
• Counterfeit products and items that infringe intellectual property rights are not allowed.
• Tobacco advertisements and electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are restricted.
• Currency exceeding the value of 60,000 SAR must be declared.
• Stuffed animals and certain toys, such as Pokemon toys, are prohibited.

Social media activity

The Saudi government closely monitors social media activity and has been described as "relentless in its censorship" by Reporters Without Borders. The government's Management of Publications department issues "directives" to newspapers and magazines, stating how certain topics must be treated, which has resulted in "rigorous self-censorship" by journalists.

The Saudi Anti-Cybercrime Law prohibits activities such as accessing blocked websites, hacking into people's private accounts, or posting politically sensitive messages on social media. The law also targets content that negatively impacts public order, religious values, public morals, and privacy. This includes content that promotes drug use, pornography, gambling, or terrorism.

Foreigners have been arrested and sentenced to decades in prison for social media activity deemed critical, offensive, or disruptive to public order. This includes posting, re-posting, or liking comments critical of Saudi institutions, policies, or public life, even if these were made outside of the country and years before the individual's visit to Saudi Arabia.

In addition, social media influencers in the country have been denounced for their illicit practices, including cyberbullying, posting photos without a person's permission, and publishing misleading advertisements for food, drugs, and cosmetics.

Women's travel advice

Saudi Arabia is a country with a rich culture and history, but it's important to be aware of local customs and regulations before travelling there, especially as a woman. Here is some essential advice for women planning a trip to Saudi Arabia:

Visas, Logistics and Entry Requirements:

To enter Saudi Arabia, you will need to apply for a visa. Women are eligible for a Saudi Arabian e-visa if their nationality is on the approved list. The application process is straightforward, but solo female travellers under 30 years of age will need additional documentation, and some nationalities may require a male guardian for unmarried women. Always check the latest embassy advice before travelling. When entering the country, women should be prepared for potential body scans and separate male and female queues at immigration.

Transportation:

Although taxis are readily available and ride-sharing apps are gaining popularity, public transport options may be limited for women in certain cities. Consider using private drivers or pre-arranged tours for longer journeys. Domestic flights are a good option for visiting multiple cities, and several airlines operate these routes.

Dress Code and Cultural Etiquette:

It is important to dress modestly in Saudi Arabia, covering your shoulders and knees with loose-fitting clothing. Headscarves are not mandatory but are recommended in certain situations as a sign of respect. Avoid wearing tight or revealing clothing, even on beaches or resorts. Gender segregation may be encountered in some restaurants, public transport or government offices, so look out for "families" or "women-only" sections. Greetings are usually a simple handshake with the same-sex, but physical contact with the opposite sex should be avoided. Public displays of affection, loud speaking and excessive gesturing should also be refrained from.

Safety and Security:

Saudi Arabia has a low crime rate, but it is important to be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded areas. Avoid isolated places at night, and trust your instincts if you feel unsafe. Save emergency numbers (police and tourist police) on your phone, and familiarise yourself with local women's support groups or organisations that offer assistance for female travellers. Share your travel plans with trusted contacts, and consider joining guided tours or group activities, especially when visiting less touristy areas.

Attractions:

Al-Balad in Jeddah is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a must-visit for its traditional architecture, narrow streets and colourful markets. The Floating Mosque, officially known as the Al Rahma Mosque, is another popular attraction, appearing to "float" above the Red Sea waves at high tide. The Jeddah Historical Museum showcases the history and culture of the city, and the Nabataean Tombs in Mada-in Saleh offer fascinating insights into ancient history. Maraya, a magnificent mirrored building in AlUla, hosts cultural events, art exhibitions and fine dining experiences. For nature lovers, the Farasan Islands, a small archipelago off the coast of Jizan, offer swimming, snorkelling and diving opportunities, along with ancient ruins and rich biodiversity.

In conclusion, travelling to Saudi Arabia as a woman requires some additional considerations and planning, but with awareness and respect for local customs and regulations, a safe and rewarding trip is possible.

Frequently asked questions