Travel To Baja: What Americans Need To Know

Americans can travel to Baja, but they should be aware of the risks. The U.S. State Department advises against all nonessential travel to Mexico, and California's governor discourages nonessential travel due to the spread of COVID-19. However, many hotels in Baja California have reopened, and airlines are adding flights. Americans travelling to Baja should be aware of the high levels of violent crime in Mexico, including homicide, kidnapping, carjacking and robbery. U.S. citizens are advised to adhere to restrictions on U.S. government employee travel and to follow safety tips such as keeping friends and family informed of their travel plans, using toll roads, and avoiding displays of wealth.

Travel advisories and safety warnings

The US Department of State has been cautioning Americans to reconsider travel to Baja California, Mexico, since late August 2023. The warning is part of a broader travel advisory for Mexico, which has been in effect since the same time. The advisory warns of violent crime, such as homicide, kidnapping, carjacking, and robbery, which is widespread and common in Mexico. It also notes that the US government has limited ability to provide emergency services to US citizens in many areas of Mexico, as travel by US government employees to certain areas is prohibited or restricted.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also advises against nonessential international travel, including to Mexico, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The CDC warns that travel increases the chances of getting and spreading COVID-19.

The US State Department's website for Mexico includes specific information on Baja California and Baja California Sur. As of September 6, 2024, the State Department advised US citizens to "reconsider travel" to Baja California due to crime and kidnapping. The advisory notes that violent crime and gang activity are common in the state, and that travellers should remain on main highways and avoid remote locations. Of particular concern is the high number of homicides in non-tourist areas of Tijuana. The advisory also notes that US citizens have been victims of kidnapping in the state.

For Baja California Sur, the State Department advises US citizens to "exercise increased caution" due to crime. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout the state, but there are no restrictions on travel for US government employees.

In addition to the official travel advisories, there are several news reports and first-hand accounts that highlight safety concerns in Baja. For example, in May 2024, NBC 7 San Diego reported on a US State Department warning for Baja California, following the discovery of four bodies in the region.

Despite these warnings, some sources suggest that Baja is generally safe for tourists. For instance, an article in the Los Angeles Times from July 2020 quotes a representative of the Los Cabos Tourist Board, who notes that the air/land travel distinction can be confusing for potential travellers. The article also mentions that many hotels in Baja California have reopened, betting that Americans will head south for vacations.

Similarly, an article from Sea Kayak Adventures, updated in May 2024, notes that Baja California Sur is considered less risky than Baja California, and is ranked at the same level as many European countries. The article also points out that the company has been operating trips in Baja for over 25 years and has extensive knowledge of the area.

• Keep friends and family informed of your travel plans.
• If separating from a group, share your GPS location with a friend.
• If taking a taxi alone, take a photo of the taxi's number and/or plate and send it to a friend.
• Use toll roads when possible and avoid driving alone or at night.
• Be extra cautious when visiting local bars, nightclubs, or casinos.
• Do not display signs of wealth, such as expensive jewellery or watches.
• Be vigilant around banks and ATMs.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive alerts and make it easier to be located in an emergency.
• Do not wild camp at unknown locations.
• Keep a low profile and avoid attracting attention to yourself.
• Travel with other people whenever possible.
• Learn some basic phrases in the local language to help you navigate unfamiliar situations.

Border crossing entry points

There are six border crossings between the US and Baja California, Mexico. From west to east, these are:

• San Ysidro (San Diego/Tijuana)
• Otay Mesa (San Diego/Tijuana)
• Calexico West (Mexicali)
• Calexico East (Mexicali)
• Andrade (Los Algodones)
• Tecate

The San Ysidro Port of Entry is the busiest land border crossing in the world, with 26 vehicle lanes. It has separate lanes for standard traffic, Trusted Traveller Program card holders, and a designated lane for the Global Entry program, which speeds up re-entry for US travellers. Trusted Traveller Programs like Global Entry and SENTRI can significantly reduce wait times, but you must pre-apply and be approved for these programs.

Otay Mesa is another significant land border crossing, catering primarily to commercial vehicles, but it also has lanes for passenger vehicles and pedestrians. This is a great option if San Ysidro is too crowded.

The Tecate border crossing is much quieter than those in San Diego and is situated in a scenic region known for its vineyards and small-town charm. This crossing is ideal for travellers who want to avoid the long lines and hustle of San Ysidro or Otay Mesa. Both pedestrians and vehicles are welcome, though the port has more limited hours than the 24-hour options in San Ysidro and Otay Mesa.

Calexico West is a busy crossing that connects the California town of Calexico with Mexicali in Baja California. This port is a mix of pedestrian and vehicle lanes and is often used by residents of both cities due to its convenience and round-the-clock access. Expect longer lines during weekends and holidays.

Calexico East is primarily used for commercial vehicle crossings. It is a great option if you're driving and want to avoid the congestion of Calexico West. This port has separate lanes for regular vehicles and those carrying goods or commercial freight. It's a bit further from the main city, but the lines are shorter, and there's easy access to the free zone in Mexicali, which doesn't require a Mexican visa for short visits.

The Andrade crossing into Los Algodones connects you to the easternmost edge of Baja, which will then lead you towards Mexican Federal Highway 5. Most people who cross here do so for dental and medical tourism in Los Algodones, as exploring the rest of Baja is not a convenient crossing.

Regardless of where you cross, it is recommended that you download the BorderTraffic app on your mobile device to check wait times and plan the most efficient crossing.

When crossing the border, you will need the following paperwork:

• Forma Migratoria Múltiple (FMM)
• Passport or passport card
• Vehicle registration
• Boat/additional vehicle registration (if applicable)
• Pet vaccination records (if applicable)

Travel documentation

When travelling to Baja, it is important to carry the correct documentation with you. Here is a list of the documents you will need:

• A valid passport.
• A visa, if you are not a US or Canadian citizen. US citizens and Canadian citizens do not need a visa for visits shorter than 180 days.
• A driver's license.
• A Forma Migratoria Múltiple (FMM), or Multiple Immigration Form. This can be obtained online or at a National Migration Institute (INM) office at the border.
• Mexican auto insurance.
• Vehicle registration.
• Small bills in Mexican Pesos or USD for toll roads.

In addition, it is recommended that you keep the following items with you when driving in Baja:

• Water and snacks.
• A map of the area, downloaded to your phone.
• Playlists, podcasts, and movies downloaded to your phone.
• An empty water bottle, toilet paper, a grocery bag, hand sanitizer, and a sarong or towel for emergency bathroom situations.

When crossing the border back into the US, you will need to show your passport, U.S. passport card, Trusted Traveler Program card (NEXUS, SENTRI, Global Entry or FAST) or an Enhanced Driver's License. Resident aliens must possess a green card. Voter's registration cards, military IDs, driver's licenses and social security cards are not considered valid forms of citizenship identification.

Travel insurance

While Americans can travel to Baja, it is not without risk. The U.S. Department of State has been cautioning Americans to reconsider travel to the region, due to the prevalence of violent crime, including homicide, kidnapping, carjacking, and robbery. The U.S. government has limited ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in many areas of Mexico, as travel by U.S. government employees to certain areas is prohibited or restricted.

Given the risks involved in travelling to Baja, it is important to consider purchasing a travel insurance policy. Travel insurance can provide peace of mind and protect you in case of unexpected events. The coverage you choose should be relative to your risk tolerance and the type of trip you are taking. For example, if you are young and have good health, you may require less medical coverage. On the other hand, if you plan to participate in adventurous activities, you may want to consider a policy that covers emergency evacuations and medical expenses.

There are several types of travel insurance policies available for those travelling to Baja. Medical evacuation coverage, also known as "medevac", is essential as it will transport you to a hospital in the United States in case of an emergency. Travel medical coverages can also be added to your policy, including emergency dental coverage and medications. Travel coverages are another option, which can include protection for flight delays, lost luggage, trip cancellation, and assistance with lost documents.

When choosing a travel insurance policy, it is important to consider your specific needs and budget. Policies typically range from basic liability coverage to more comprehensive plans. Comprehensive plans may include a wider range of benefits, such as roadside assistance, assistance with repatriation of remains, and legal assistance. It is also important to note that when driving across the border into Mexico, you will need to purchase Mexican auto insurance as U.S. or Canadian insurance is not recognized.

Safety tips

As of September 2024, the U.S. Department of State advises citizens to reconsider travel to Baja California due to crime and kidnapping. Violent crime, including homicide, kidnapping, carjacking, and robbery, is widespread and common in Mexico. The U.S. government has a limited ability to provide emergency services to U.S. citizens in many areas of Mexico, as travel by U.S. government employees to certain areas is prohibited or restricted.

• Keep your friends and family informed of your travel plans.
• If you are separating from your group, share your GPS location with a trusted contact.
• If you are taking a taxi alone, take a photo of the taxi's number and/or license plate and send it to a friend.
• Use toll roads when possible and avoid driving alone or at night.
• Be extra cautious when visiting local bars, nightclubs, or casinos.
• Do not display signs of wealth, such as expensive watches, jewelry, or other valuables.
• Be vigilant when visiting banks or using ATMs.
• Enroll in the Smart Traveler Enrollment Program (STEP) to receive alerts and make it easier to be located in an emergency.
• Follow the U.S. Embassy and Department of State on social media for updates.
• Prepare a contingency plan for emergency situations and review the Traveler's Checklist on the U.S. State Department website.
• Stay informed about COVID-19-related travel advisories and restrictions.
• Be aware of the risk of scam services such as scam taxis or fake policemen. Always use licensed taxis or your own car, especially after dark.
• Avoid border cities and areas with known gang violence and drug activity, such as Tijuana, Tecate, and Mexicali.
• Keep your belongings secure at all times and be aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded places.
• Drink conservatively, and be cautious of accepting free drinks to avoid the risk of drink spiking or poisoning.
• Always carry your passport and necessary documentation when crossing the border.
• Purchase Mexican car insurance before entering Mexico, either online or from outlets on the U.S. side of the border.
• Travel in groups or caravans, especially if driving, and try to reach your overnight stop destination before dark.

Frequently asked questions