Cabin Pressure And Dogs: Ear Safety At High Altitude

Cabin pressure can cause discomfort in dogs' ears during a flight. This is due to the change in air pressure when the plane climbs or descends, which can cause a popping effect in dogs' ears. While this discomfort is not harmful or permanent, it can be distressing for dogs as they do not understand what is happening. There are several steps that can be taken to minimise this discomfort, such as keeping dogs calm during the flight, providing chew toys, or giving medication to reduce anxiety.

Dogs can experience ear barotrauma when flying

Dogs can experience ear barotrauma, or "airplane ear", when flying. This condition is caused by an imbalance between the cabin pressure of the aircraft and the pressure inside the dog's middle ear cavity. As the plane gains altitude, the atmospheric pressure inside the cabin decreases, causing gases inside the middle ear to expand.

The Eustachian tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the nose and upper throat, is responsible for draining excess pressure to the environment. However, during rapid changes in altitude, the Eustachian tube may not react quickly enough, leading to a buildup of pressure in the middle ear. This results in stress on the eardrum, causing discomfort and pain.

Symptoms of ear barotrauma in dogs can include earache, discomfort, and, in severe cases, a ruptured eardrum. To prevent and alleviate these symptoms, it is important to keep the dog calm during the flight. Additionally, proper ear hygiene is crucial, including cleaning the dog's ears and removing any wax buildup a few days before the flight. Sedatives and tranquilizers should generally be avoided, as they can have adverse side effects and prevent the dog from protecting itself during turbulence.

There are several techniques to help equalize the pressure in a dog's ears during flight. One method is to encourage the dog to swallow by providing light food and water, which can help open the Eustachian tubes. Chewing can also assist in pressure equalization, so offering chew toys or harder chewy treats, such as dental bones, can be beneficial. Massaging around the dog's ears may also help relieve the pressure.

How to relieve pressure in a dog's ears

Like humans, dogs can experience barotrauma, or airplane ear, when travelling by plane. This occurs when there is an imbalance between the cabin pressure and the pressure inside the dog's middle ear cavity. As the plane gains altitude, the atmospheric pressure reduces inside the cabin, causing the gases inside the dog's middle ear to expand. This can be very uncomfortable for dogs, and in some cases, extremely painful.

To relieve pressure in a dog's ears, it is important to prepare in advance. A few days before the flight, clean your dog's ears properly and remove any wax buildup. Do not use cotton swabs, as these can push the wax further into the ear or damage the ear. Instead, use absorbent gauze to gently wipe the external portions of your dog's ears.

On the day of the flight, keep your dog calm and relaxed. Provide light food and walk your dog around the airport so they get used to the movement. Make sure your dog stays calm during the flight, especially during takeoff and landing when the plane is climbing or descending, as this is when the pressure changes will be most significant. You can help your dog stay calm by giving them affection and treats, and using a chew toy or a harder chewy treat like a dental bone.

If your dog is in pain or distress due to the pressure changes, contact your veterinarian for advice. They may recommend medication to help keep your dog calm and relieve the pressure.

Preparing your dog for a flight

Consult a veterinarian

Before booking your tickets, it is crucial to consult your veterinarian about your dog's health and discuss any concerns they may have about air travel. They can provide valuable advice and guidance on preparing your dog for the flight and ensuring their well-being throughout the journey.

Understand the risks of cabin pressure

Cabin pressure changes during ascent and descent can affect your dog's ears, causing discomfort or even pain. This is known as barotrauma or "airplane ear" and occurs when there is an imbalance between the environmental pressure and the pressure inside the middle ear cavity. Consult your veterinarian for advice on relieving pressure and keeping your dog calm during the flight.

Prepare your dog's ears

A few days before the flight, clean your dog's ears and remove any wax buildup. This can help prevent earaches caused by infections or wax accumulation. However, avoid using cotton swabs as they can push the wax further into the ear or cause injury.

Acclimate your dog to the carrier

Start training your dog to stay in their carrier a few months before the flight. Place treats or toys inside and gradually get them comfortable with eating meals inside the closed kennel. This helps ensure they remain calm and relaxed during the flight.

Exercise your dog before the flight

Ensure your dog gets plenty of exercise before the flight to tire them out. This will help them stay calm and may also encourage them to rest during the journey. However, be mindful of their hydration needs, especially if they will be spending extended time in their crate.

Choose appropriate travel attire

Consider dressing your dog in a comfortable jacket or a ThunderShirt, especially if they will be flying in the cargo hold. A ThunderShirt can provide warmth and have a calming effect. However, if the destination is warm, avoid over-bundling to prevent overheating.

Provide familiar items

Bring a familiar blanket, toy, or a shirt that smells like you to comfort your dog during the flight. These familiar items can help reduce their stress and provide a sense of security in an unfamiliar environment.

Follow airline policies and regulations

Research the airline's pet policies and restrictions before booking. Each airline may have different rules regarding the number of pets allowed, crate requirements, and behaviour expectations. Book your dog's ticket early, as most airlines have limited spaces for pets. Additionally, consider choosing a direct flight and travelling during off-peak hours to minimise stress for your dog.

Final preparations

On the day of the flight, provide your dog with light food and water several hours before departure. At the airport, keep your dog calm by walking them around to get accustomed to the new environment. Ensure they have a form of permanent ID, such as a microchip or tattoo, and carry a current photograph in case of separation during the journey.

Signs your dog is experiencing ear pain

Similar to humans, dogs can experience barotrauma, or "airplane ear", when travelling by plane. This occurs when there is an imbalance between the cabin pressure and the pressure inside the dog's middle ear cavity. As a result, dogs can experience ear pain and discomfort.

• Yelping or crying
• Aggressive behaviour when their ears are touched
• Excessive itching or scratching of the ears
• Local redness around the ears
• Head shaking
• Whining

Other signs of ear pain in dogs, which may be related to ear infections, include:

• Redness or swelling of the ears
• Discharge, especially if it is yellow in colour
• Strong smell around the ears
• Crustiness or scabbing
• Head tilting
• Loss of balance or coordination
• Tilting their head more than normal

If you notice any of these signs, it is important to consult with your veterinarian as soon as possible. They may recommend cleaning your dog's ears with a medicated cleanser or prescribe ear drops, oral antibiotics, or anti-inflammatory medications. In some cases, they may also suggest sedating your dog to facilitate a deeper examination of the ear canal.

Medication to reduce anxiety in dogs

Just like humans, dogs can experience barotrauma when travelling by plane, which is caused by an imbalance between the pressure inside the aircraft and the pressure inside the middle ear cavity. This can be very uncomfortable for dogs, and they may yelp or cry due to the pain. In addition, the pressure change can cause anxiety in dogs, which can be very distressing for both the dog and the owner. Therefore, it is important to consult a veterinarian for advice on how to keep your dog calm and relieve the pressure in their ears.

There are several medications that can be used to reduce anxiety in dogs, especially when travelling. However, it is important to note that medication is not always appropriate, and it is always best to consult a veterinarian for advice. Some medications that are typically used to reduce anxiety in dogs include:

• Buspirone: This is a mild anti-anxiety medication that activates serotonin and dopamine receptors in the brain. It is generally dispensed in tablet form and can be given with or without food. Buspirone takes up to six weeks to take effect and may need to be administered two to three times a day.
• Fluoxetine: This medication is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that helps to increase serotonin levels in the brain, which can reduce anxiety. It is typically given once a day and can take up to six weeks to demonstrate noticeable improvements.
• Trazodone: This is a serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI) that is considered a relatively safe medication for dogs. However, it can cause side effects such as excessive sedation and behavioural changes. A "trial run" is recommended before the day of travel to adjust the medication as needed.
• Gabapentin: While traditionally used to manage seizures and neuropathic pain, gabapentin has also been found to reduce anxiety in dogs. It is associated with sedation but can result in a significant reduction in anxiety, especially during the early days of treatment.
• Benzodiazepines: These are typically safe drugs that can be administered shortly before travel to help ease anxiety in dogs.
• Amitriptyline: This medication is dispensed in tablets and given with food. Dogs should be tapered off amitriptyline under the guidance of a veterinarian if they have been on the medication for more than a week or two.

In addition to these medications, there are also natural supplements and holistic options that can help reduce anxiety in dogs during travel. Pheromone products, CBD, and thundershirts can all help to keep your dog calm and reduce their anxiety levels.

Frequently asked questions