Immigration to the United States has been a significant source of population growth and cultural change throughout its history. In 2019, the US had the highest number of immigrants in the world, with 50,661,149 people. The process of immigrating to the US can be complicated and expensive, requiring applicants to meet certain requirements, pay government fees, and have their application approved by the US government. There are different types of visas available, including immigrant and nonimmigrant visas, with the former being for permanent relocation and the latter for temporary visits, work, or study. The specific requirements and costs vary depending on the type of visa and the applicant's circumstances. Understanding the complexities of the immigration process is crucial for those seeking to relocate to the US, whether temporarily or permanently.
Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Immigration Status | Immigrants can be undocumented or documented. |
Visa Types | There are immigrant and nonimmigrant visas. Immigrant visas include family ties, employment, adoption, special immigrant categories, and the diversity visa. Nonimmigrant visas are temporary and include student visas. |
Visa Costs | The cost of applying for a family-based green card is approximately $3005 for an applicant living in the US and $1540 for an applicant living abroad. The cost of applying for an employment-based green card is $2330 for the applicant, but the employer could face additional filing fees and labor certification costs, potentially driving the total cost to around $10,000. |
Visa Application Process | The application process depends on where the applicant is currently located. If the applicant is in the US, they can file their application and remain in the country while it's being processed (Adjustment of Status). If the applicant is outside the US, they will typically file their application from their home country and remain there while it's processed by the local US embassy or consulate (Consular Processing). |
Visa Wait Times | Wait times depend on the type of visa and the specifics of each case. Marriage green cards can take a few months, while other family green cards can take significantly longer. Employment-based green cards are usually processed in less than a year. |
Travel Within the US | Domestic flights: All travelers must present a valid photo ID issued by the state or federal government. Undocumented individuals can use specific forms of ID, including a foreign passport, state driver's license, or border-crossing cards. Ground transportation: Photo ID is not required for local subways but is needed for traveling beyond city limits (e.g., Amtrak). Driving: Certain non-citizens may be eligible to drive legally and apply for a driver's license, depending on the state. |
What You'll Learn
Domestic flights for undocumented immigrants
Firstly, all travellers flying on a domestic flight in the US must present a valid, unexpired photo ID issued by the state or federal government. Undocumented individuals may use the following forms of ID accepted by the TSA:
- State photo identity card
- State driver's license
- Foreign passport (must be unexpired)
- US Citizenship and Immigration Service Employment Authorisation Card
- Trusted traveller cards such as NEXUS, SENTRI and FAST cards issued by the Department of Homeland Security
- Border-crossing cards
- Native American tribal ID cards
- Airline or airport photo ID cards issued in compliance with TSA regulations and transportation worker ID credentials
It is important to note that the TSA has been inconsistent in accepting certain forms of ID, such as the AB 60 license, a driver's license available for undocumented individuals in California. In such cases, the TSA could use the license as a basis to stop someone, question them, and refer them to ICE for possible deportation or removal hearings.
Additionally, when flying within the US, undocumented immigrants may encounter federal officials at airports, especially those close to an international border, which could lead to detention and deportation proceedings. Therefore, it is recommended to consult an experienced immigration attorney before travelling.
To prepare for a domestic flight as an undocumented immigrant, here are some safety precautions:
- Ensure that you have the appropriate identification and that the name on your ticket matches the ID exactly.
- Secure your devices with a number or word security password. While the government can ask for your phone, you are not required to provide your password.
- Develop a safety plan by designating at least two people to have access to your important documents and contact information for your attorney, community organisations, family, and friends. Share your flight information with them and discuss what to do in case of any issues.
- Be aware of your rights when encountering immigration agents or law enforcement. You have the right to remain silent and refuse to answer questions about your citizenship or immigration status. Do not provide false documents. You can also refuse a search of your belongings.
In summary, while domestic flights are possible for undocumented immigrants in the US, it is important to be aware of the risks and take the necessary precautions to protect your safety and rights.
Unlocking the Benefits: Exploring If Bank of America Travel Rewards Apply to Airbnb Boardings
You may want to see also
Ground transportation: Public buses and trains
Public buses and trains are a common mode of transport for immigrants travelling to different states. In 2019, immigrants made up 32% of transit commuters in the United States, despite only accounting for 14% of the total population. This is because immigrants tend to settle in large urban areas where public transit systems are better developed.
In the US, immigrants are twice as likely as US-born citizens to live in households without a car. This is especially true for those who immigrated within the last six years. Immigrants also tend to live in larger households, meaning that families often have to share access to a vehicle. Additionally, 43% of foreign-born transit commuters in the US in 2019 had limited English proficiency, meaning that it would be difficult for them to pass a driving test.
However, immigrants' reliance on public transport changes over time. Studies show that the longer immigrants reside in a country, the less likely they are to rely on public transportation. For example, in Canada, nearly one-third of people who immigrated in the last five years used public transport, compared to 16% of those who arrived more than 15 years ago. A similar trend can be observed in the US, where 13% of immigrants who have lived in the country for five years or fewer depend on transit to get to work, compared to 8% of those who have been there for 15 years or more.
The Top Destinations to Travel Solo in April
You may want to see also
Ground transportation: Driving
If you're an undocumented immigrant and you're thinking of driving, it's important to know your rights. While certain non-citizens may be eligible to drive legally, it's crucial to check your state's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to determine if you can apply for a driver's license regardless of your immigration status.
If you are stopped by law enforcement or immigration enforcement while driving, here are some recommendations to follow:
- Stop the car in a safe place as quickly as possible.
- Turn off the car, turn on the internal light, open the window partway, and place your hands on the wheel.
- Upon request, show the police your driver's license, registration, and proof of insurance.
- If an officer or agent asks to search your car, you can refuse. However, if the police believe your car contains evidence of a crime, they can search it without your consent.
- Both drivers and passengers have the right to remain silent. If you're a passenger, you can also ask if you're free to leave. If the answer is yes, silently leave.
Additionally, it's important to be aware of Border Patrol checkpoints, which can be found within 100 miles of the Mexico-United States border. Along these checkpoints, agents may stop a vehicle for brief questioning, even without a reason to believe that the vehicle contains undocumented individuals.
When travelling by car, always carry the necessary identification documents and ensure your vehicle is equipped with the required safety features and equipment.
Mexico Surgery: Is It Safe to Travel for Medical Procedures?
You may want to see also
Travel to US territories
Travelling to US territories as an undocumented individual with temporary protection (TPS/DACA) does not require Advance Parole. However, it is important to be aware of the risks and know how to travel safely.
Firstly, ensure your DACA is valid for the entirety of your time abroad. It is imperative that your DACA does not expire while you are outside of the US mainland, even if you have a renewal pending. You should plan to be back in the US before it expires, with no chance of a gap.
Secondly, bring your USCIS documents that show your granted deferred status. Depending on where you travel, you may be subject to certain processes, such as customs inspections. Having proof of your granted deferred status can help make this process smoother.
Thirdly, ensure there are no layovers outside of the US states and territories. It is critical that there are no planned or emergency landings in a foreign country. For example, if travelling to the US Virgin Islands, do not enter the Dominican Republic, due to the possibility of bad weather or natural disasters. Similarly, while overseas, be aware of any boat trips that might accidentally result in you being outside of US waters, which can jeopardise your return to the US.
Tips for Traveling with a Baby Stroller: What to Know
You may want to see also
Visa requirements
The type of visa required for immigrants to enter the United States is determined by the purpose of their travel and other factors. There are two broad categories of US visas: immigrant and nonimmigrant. Immigrant visas are for those intending to live and work permanently in the US, while nonimmigrant visas are for those seeking temporary entry for reasons like tourism, business, medical treatment, work, or study.
Immigrant Visas
To immigrate to the United States, one must obtain a green card, which allows for unrestricted employment and can be renewed indefinitely. It also provides a pathway to US citizenship. The process can be complicated and expensive, requiring individuals to meet certain requirements, pay government fees, and gain approval from the US government.
The types of immigrant visas include:
- Family-based green cards: Most green cards are issued to family members of current US citizens or green card holders. Eligible family members include spouses, widows/widowers, children, parents, and siblings.
- Employment-based green cards: These are issued in five categories (EB-1 to EB-5) based on skills, benefits to the country, or investments.
- Humanitarian green cards: Issued to refugees, asylees, and victims of human trafficking, abuse, or crime.
- Diversity lottery green cards: The US runs a lottery that awards up to 55,000 immigrant visas annually to applicants from countries with low immigration rates to the US.
- Longtime-resident green cards: Available to those who have lived in the US since January 1, 1972, entering before that date and remaining since.
Other types of green cards include those for "special immigrants," such as media professionals, religious workers, and former US government employees.
The process for obtaining a green card typically involves the following steps:
- A sponsor (relative or employer) files a petition with US authorities.
- US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) reviews and approves the petition.
- The applicant files their green card application (Form I-485 for those in the US or Form DS-260 for those outside the US).
- The application is processed, and the applicant undergoes a medical exam and an in-person interview.
- The applicant is notified of the approval, and the green card is mailed or can be picked up.
Nonimmigrant Visas
Nonimmigrant visas are typically used for temporary visits to the US for tourism, business, medical treatment, or certain types of temporary work. The type of nonimmigrant visa needed is defined by US immigration law and is related to the purpose of travel.
Some examples of nonimmigrant visa categories include:
- Tourist (B-2) or business (B-1) visas
- Student or exchange visitor visas (F-1 or J-1)
- Visa Waiver Program (VWP): Allows citizens of certain countries to visit the US for 90 days or less without a visa for tourism or business purposes.
To obtain a nonimmigrant visa, individuals typically apply directly to the US consulate or embassy, providing necessary documentation and meeting eligibility requirements.
Additional Considerations
It is important to note that obtaining a visa does not guarantee entry into the United States. A visa indicates that a consular officer has determined the individual is eligible to enter for a specific purpose, but admission is determined by a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Officer at the port of entry.
Additionally, visa requirements and processes can be complex and subject to change. It is recommended to refer to official government sources, such as the USCIS and Department of State websites, for the most up-to-date and accurate information.
Maintaining a Permanent Address While Traveling: Tips and Tricks
You may want to see also
Frequently asked questions
To immigrate to the US, you must meet certain requirements, pay government fees, and have your application approved by the US government. The US provides immigrant visas based on family ties, employment, adoption, special immigrant categories, and the diversity visa.
There are two main types of visas: immigrant visas (green cards) and nonimmigrant visas. Immigrant visas are for those who want to relocate permanently, while nonimmigrant visas are temporary and often used for visiting, working, or studying.
The application process depends on whether you are living in the US or outside the country. If you are already in the US, you can file for Adjustment of Status (AOS). If you are outside the US, you will go through consular processing at your local US embassy or consulate. The process typically includes petition filing, application review and approval, biometrics, an interview, and visa issuance.
For domestic flights within the US, immigrants must present valid photo identification. This can include a state photo ID card, state driver's license, foreign passport, Employment Authorization Card, trusted traveler cards, border-crossing cards, or Native American tribal ID cards.