12 Must-Visit Destinations For Things To Do In Syria

Syria, a country known for its rich history, ancient architecture, and vibrant culture, is one of the most fascinating places to visit in the Middle East. From the bustling markets of Damascus to the serene beaches of Latakia, there is an abundance of activities to experience in Syria. If you're planning a trip to this beautiful country, you'll want to make sure you check out these 12 must-visit destinations for the ultimate Syrian experience. Get ready to be amazed by the breathtaking scenery, immerse yourself in the local traditions, and explore the unique wonders that make Syria a truly captivating destination.

Aleppo Citadel

The Aleppo Citadel is an ancient fortress located in the heart of the city of Aleppo, Syria. It is among the oldest, largest, and most significant landmarks of Syrian history. The Citadel of Aleppo has been a symbol of the city throughout its long history of conquest and urban transformation.

The Citadel was built on a mound of debris that had accumulated over centuries of human civilization. It is believed that this hill was first occupied by humans in the 3rd millennium BCE. The ancient city of Aleppo has witnessed the rise and fall of numerous dynasties, kingdoms, and empires, and the Citadel played a crucial role in most of these historic events.

The Citadel was initially built in the 3rd century BCE as a defensive fortress by the Seleucid Kingdom. It was later strengthened by the Romans, Byzantines, and Arabs who made Aleppo their capital. In the 12th century, the fortress was rebuilt by Nur ad-Din Zangi, a Muslim ruler, who transformed the Citadel into a massive fortress with imposing walls, towers, and gates. It remained an essential stronghold of the Muslims until the Mongols destroyed it in the 13th century.

The Citadel was later rebuilt by the Mamluks and the Ottomans, who added several new structures to the original design. During the Ottoman era, the Citadel became a center of military, administrative, and cultural activities. It housed the governor's palace, mosques, barracks, and prisons. The Citadel's importance faded in the 19th and 20th centuries due to political and economic changes in Syria.

The Citadel suffered significant damage during the Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011. The city of Aleppo was divided into two parts: the government-controlled western part and the rebel-held eastern part. The Citadel remained in the government's hands, but it suffered damage due to artillery attacks by the rebels. Several parts of the Citadel were destroyed, and several artifacts were stolen or damaged.

Despite the damage, the Citadel remains a vital part of Syria's cultural heritage and serves as a symbol of resilience and endurance. The Syrian government announced in 2019 that it plans to restore and rehabilitate the Citadel with the help of international organizations. This move has been welcomed by several experts and historians who regard the Citadel as an essential monument of Syrian history.

In conclusion, the Aleppo Citadel is a monument of Syria's rich history and culture. It is a symbol of the city's strength and endurance while facing political and military challenges. The Citadel has witnessed the rise and fall of empires and remains an essential part of Syria's cultural and architectural heritage. Restoration and rehabilitation efforts to preserve and protect the Aleppo Citadel are vital to safeguarding Syria's cultural legacy.

Damascus Old City

Located in the heart of Damascus, the Old City is a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its rich historical and cultural significance. It is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, dating back as early as the 3rd millennium BCE. The Old City is an ancient hub of culture and trade that has seen the rise and fall of empires, the spread of world religions, and the emergence of modern societies.

As you explore the labyrinthine alleyways of the Old City, you will find yourself immersed in a world of souks, mosques, madrasas, hammams, and other architectural wonders that reveal an exceptional blend of religious and secular traditions. The city is rich in Islamic and Christian history, with intricate mosaics, marble fountains, courtyards, and minarets adorning every corner.

One of the most iconic landmarks in the Old City is the Umayyad Mosque, which was constructed in 715 CE on the site of an earlier Assyrian temple. The mosque is one of the largest and oldest in the world and is considered a masterpiece of Islamic architecture. The mosque is a place of worship for Muslims, and non-Muslims are not allowed to enter during prayer times. However, visitors are welcome to explore the mosque's impressive courtyard, which houses the shrine of John the Baptist.

Another must-see attraction in the Old City is the Al-Hamidiyah Souk, a sprawling bazaar that has remained at the center of the city's commerce for centuries. The souk is a maze of narrow streets lined with stalls selling everything from spices and textiles to jewelry and pottery. The souk is a vibrant hub of activity, with traders haggling and bargaining in Arabic, while the aroma of spices and incense fills the air.

The Old City of Damascus has faced its share of challenges in recent years, primarily due to the ongoing Syrian conflict. However, the preservation of its cultural heritage remains a top priority for the Syrian government and local communities. Despite the hardships posed by the conflict, the Old City continues to attract visitors from around the world, eager to explore its rich history and experience its vibrant culture.

In conclusion, the Old City of Damascus is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in discovering the rich history and culture of Syria. From the Umayyad Mosque to the Al-Hamidiyah Souk, the Old City is a tapestry of architectural wonders, religious landmarks, and bustling marketplaces that make it an unforgettable experience.

Krak des Chevaliers Fortress

Located in the Homs Governorate of Syria, Krak des Chevaliers Fortress is an iconic castle that stands as a symbol of medieval architecture. It is one of the most well-known castles in the world, and it has been a witness to a long and turbulent history of Syria. It is considered as one of the finest examples of Crusader architecture and it is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

The Krak des Chevaliers Fortress was built in the 12th century by the Knights Hospitaller, a Christian military order. The castle was strategically located on a hilltop overlooking the surrounding region. Its design was built to withstand any siege by the enemy and it was equipped with high walls, towers, and plenty of provisions for a long siege.

Over the centuries, Krak des Chevaliers Fortress passed through the hands of different rulers, from the Hospitaller to the Mamluks and later to the Ottomans. Each ruler made changes and additions to the castle, but the original design and layout remained intact.

In 2011, the Syrian Civil War broke out, and the Krak des Chevaliers Fortress became a battleground. The castle suffered some damages, but fortunately, most of its structure remained intact.

In 2014, the castle was partially occupied by the jihadist militant group, Al-Nusra Front. UNESCO urged the group to withdraw from the site, which they eventually did. The castle suffered some further damages during this occupation, but the majority of the damages have been since reconstructed.

Since the end of the battle for Homs in 2018, the Syrian government has been working on restoring and reconstructing the castle to its original state. The restoration work is being carried out by Syrian architects, engineers, and conservationists. Though it is unclear when the castle will be fully restored to its former glory, it stands as a testament to the resilience of the Syrian people and their commitment to preserving their cultural heritage.

Umayyad Mosque in Damascus

The Umayyad Mosque, located in the heart of Syria’s capital city, Damascus, is an architectural masterpiece and a significant cultural symbol of the country. With its strong historical significance, the mosque is a famous landmark that attracts thousands of visitors every year.

The Umayyad Mosque was first built in 715 AD during the Umayyad dynasty, and it remains one of the oldest surviving buildings in the country, with many historical events shaping its history. The mosque was built over the remains of a Christian basilica, which was destroyed and then taken over by Muslims in the early Islamic period.

The mosque's structure has undergone significant changes throughout history, but it still boasts some of the most impressive Islamic architecture and design. Its most prominent features include the soaring, turquoise-tiled prayer hall and the beautiful inner courtyard, which is adorned with intricately carved stone and marble. The mosque's minaret, standing tall at 145 feet, is the second-highest in Syria, and it's visible from many parts of Damascus.

The Umayyad Mosque has played a significant role in the religious life of the Syrian populace. Not only is it a place of worship, but it also has hosted countless prayer services, educational programs, and lectures on subjects including Islamic history, philosophy, and science. The building has also been a hub of social and political activity throughout Syria’s past.

However, during recent years of conflict in Syria, the Umayyad Mosque has suffered damage. Damage includes the destruction of its Aleppo Room, a prized space in the mosque containing ancient artefacts, and the turret of the mosque’s entry gate. Nonetheless, the mosque’s staff and volunteers have done extensive work to repair the damage and preserve the building’s historical significance.

In summary, the Umayyad mosque in Damascus is a symbol of Islamic art and architecture. It has played an essential role in Syria’s religious and social life and remains one of the most significant landmarks in the country despite being affected by the recent conflict. Its beauty and historical significance make it an essential attraction for visitors to Damascus and a symbol of pride for the country.

Palmyra Archeological Site

The archeological site is famously known for its collection of well-preserved Roman-era ruins that stretch across the area marked as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. These ruins are a testament to the grandeur and dominance of the ancient city as a commercial and political center.

The Palmyra Archeological Site features several architectural attractions, including the grand colonnaded street that stretches over a kilometer long towards the ruins of the majestic Temple of Bel, which was the largest temple complex at the time of its construction. The Temple of Bel was the religious and cultural center of Palmyra, and it served as a platform for the social and religious interaction of the city's inhabitants.

Another attraction at the site is the Palmyra museum, which is located in the center of the ancient city. The museum exhibits several artifacts, including sculptures, pottery, and inscriptions that reflect the essential aspects of Palmyra culture and tradition. The exhibits showcase the city's unique style and the fusion of Hellenistic and Persian cultures.

However, the story of Palmyra is not just about its rich historical and cultural significance. Recent events have brought the site to the world's attention, as it has been the target of destruction and pillage by extremist groups. The Islamic State (IS) grew in power across Syria and Iraq, leading the group to launch assaults across significant historic sites and monuments, including Palmyra. In 2015, the group seized control of the city, intending to erase all traces of pagan history and culture.

The IS's destruction of Palmyra's heritage was a catastrophic loss for Syria's cultural heritage and the world at large. The destruction of the Temple of Bel, the Arch of Triumph, and the grand colonnaded streets is saddening for the archeological world. Despite the damage, the site has managed to survive and attract visitors who come to see the remnants of the famous world heritage site.

In closing, Palmyra Archeological Site is an intriguing historical and cultural world heritage site that tells the tale of an ancient city's greatness. The site's architecture showcases the fusion of Hellenistic and Persian cultures, with the Temple of Bel being the most significant landmark. As much as the site has been destroyed and damaged over the years, it still stands as a vital cultural heritage site, and its preservation should be a priority for all.

Dead Cities in Northern Syria

The dead cities in northern Syria occupy a vast area that stretches towards the north of Aleppo, in the region known as Jabal Halaqa. The area is characterised by its vast plains, dotted with small hills that were once populated by ancient towns.

The dead cities are believed to have originated in the 1st millennium BC, during the Byzantine period. They were built to serve as market towns and were famed for their agricultural products, such as olives, wheat, and figs.

However, these towns saw their decline during the 7th and 8th centuries when they were besieged by the conquering Arab armies. These armies destroyed many of the towns, cutting the population and making them uninhabitable.

The dead cities remained abandoned for centuries, forgotten and unknown to the outside world. It was not until the 20th century that they were rediscovered by western explorers who were in search of ancient cities and artefacts.

Now, the dead cities are a popular destination for tourists who flock to the region to see the ancient ruins. The most popular dead city is the ancient city of Serjilla, which was once a thriving town. Today, it is a ghost town with only the ruins of the houses and buildings that once made it a bustling market town.

Other popular dead cities include Al-Bara, which is known for its remarkable stone arches and underground cisterns, and Qalb Lozeh, which has some of the best-preserved Byzantine mosaics in the world.

The dead cities of northern Syria are a testament to the rich history of the region. They offer a glimpse into the past, allowing visitors to marvel at the ingenuity and creativity of the ancient peoples who once inhabited these lands.

However, due to the ongoing conflict in the region, it is difficult to visit the dead cities safely. Nonetheless, efforts are being made to restore and protect these ancient ruins, ensuring that their rich history lives on for generations to come.

Al-Hamidiyah Souq in Damascus

Characteristic	Description
Name	Al-Hamidiyeh Souq
Type	Stores and shopping in Damascus, Syria
Website	Go to website
Rating / Review count	4.6 / 1,838
Address	G863+FFP, Souq Al Hamidya St, capital، Syria
Hours	Tuesday - 8 AM–11 PM Wednesday - 8 AM–11 PM Thursday - 8 AM–11 PM Friday - 8 AM–11 PM Saturday - 8 AM–11 PM Sunday - 8 AM–11 PM Monday - 8 AM–11 PM
Profiles

Syria is a country that has faced a lot of turmoil in the past few years due to the civil war and conflict. However, there are still many places in Syria that are rich in cultural heritage and history. One such place is the Al-Hamidiyah Souq in Damascus, which is the oldest market in the city.

The Al-Hamidiyah Souq is a large covered market situated in the heart of Damascus, Syria. The souq was built in the 19th century during the Ottoman Empire and is named after Sultan Abdulhamid II. It is thought to be one of the largest souqs in the Middle East and offers a wide range of traditional products.

One of the most fascinating aspects of the souq is its architecture. The market is covered by a beautifully designed metal roof and decorated with intricate geometric patterns. The souq is also well known for its stunning brick walls and arches that create an impressive visual impact. The intricate details of the design and architecture represent the history and culture of Damascus.

The Al-Hamidiyah Souq is also an ideal place for shopping. The souq is home to a vast range of merchants selling traditional Syrian products like spices, jewelry, clothing, handicrafts, and souvenirs. The souq is so large and comprehensive that it can take days to explore and discover all its nuances.

In addition to shopping, the souq is also an excellent place to taste traditional Syrian foods. The souq is full of cafes and restaurants that serve traditional Syrian dishes like kebabs, falafel, and hummus. Some of the cafes and restaurants have been serving traditional Syrian food for generations, with recipes passed on from their forefathers.

Overall, the Al-Hamidiyah Souq is a real gem of Damascus. It is an excellent place to experience the traditional culture and architecture of Syria while also enjoying delicious Syrian cuisine. Within the souq, one can discover some of the oldest buildings in the city, which serve as a reminder of Syria’s rich history and culture. Despite the ongoing conflicts in Syria, the souq remains a vibrant and essential part of Damascus, and it continues to attract visitors from around the world.

Apamea Archeological Site

Located just 55 kilometers northwest of Hama, Apamea is one of Syria's most significant archaeological sites. It was founded in the 4th century BC by Seleucus I Nicator, one of Alexander the Great's generals, and served as one of the ancient world's most important cities. Today, the site remains a testament to Syria's rich cultural and artistic heritage.

Apamea's vast archaeological complex stretches over 2.5 kilometers, offering visitors a glimpse into the past. The city was renowned for its grand boulevards, which were lined with elegant colonnades. One of the key features of the site is the Great Colonnade, a 1.5-kilometer-long street that gives way to a stunning vista of the surrounding landscape. Other impressive sights include the Roman Theatre, the Temple of Zeus Belus, and the Agora.

The excavation of Apamea has also yielded an impressive collection of artifacts, many of which are on display in the Apamea Museum. The museum houses an array of treasures, including mosaics, sculptures, and jewelry, as well as coins and ceramics from various periods.

Despite the vast wealth of history and culture exhibited at Apamea, it has not been without its challenges. During the Syrian Civil War, the site suffered significant damage due to shelling and looting. Several of the site's most impressive buildings, including the Roman Theatre, were severely damaged. However, efforts are underway to restore the site to its former glory, and several reconstruction projects are currently in the works.

Despite the challenges, Apamea remains a must-see destination for anyone interested in history and culture. Its rich history and incredible architecture provide a window into Syria's past, and visiting the site is an unforgettable experience. As the country works to recover from years of conflict, the importance of preserving Syria's cultural heritage has become more essential than ever, and Apamea serves as an important symbol of resilience and hope for the future.

Sayyida Zeinab Mosque in Damascus

The Sayyida Zeinab Mosque is an important religious center in Damascus, Syria. Built during the Umayyad period, the mosque is located in the southern suburbs of Damascus, near the tomb of Lady Zeinab - the granddaughter of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) - and is considered one of the holiest sites in Syria.

The mosque was first built in the 8th century but underwent several renovations throughout the centuries. However, its religious significance has remained the same, attracting thousands of Shia Muslims from around the world who come to pay their respects to Lady Zeinab.

The mosque's architecture is remarkable and unique, featuring classic Islamic designs with beautiful minarets and domes, decorated with intricate carvings and Quranic inscriptions. The interior of the mosque is equally impressive, with marble floors, beautifully adorned walls, and a large prayer hall.

In recent years, the mosque has become a symbol of resistance against the Syrian government and has been targeted by numerous attacks in the ongoing Syrian civil war. In February 2016, a bomb explosion at the mosque killed more than 120 people and injured many more, causing serious damage to the mosque and its surrounding areas. These attacks were condemned by many countries and organizations, including the United Nations, as they caused loss of life and damage to a sacred religious monument.

Despite the ongoing conflict, the Sayyida Zeinab Mosque remains a popular pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims around the world. Each year, millions of visitors come to pay their respects and offer their prayers at the sacred shrine. The mosque remains a testament to the rich history and diverse cultural heritage of Syria and the Muslim world.

Hama Water Wheels

Hama, the fourth-largest city in Syria, is known for its historical water wheels, an iconic feature of Hama's landscape. These water wheels, also known as norias, have been a symbol of Hama for centuries and were a key component of the city's agricultural economy.

The history of the Hama Water Wheels dates back to the 14th century when the norias were first built by Nasir al-Din al-Tusi. These water wheels were used to irrigate the lands surrounding Hama to grow crops such as wheat, barley, and cotton. The norias were powered by the force of the Orontes River, which flows through the middle of the city.

The water wheels of Hama are quite impressive in size, with some reaching up to 20 meters in diameter and 4 meters in width. There are a total of 17 norias in Hama, with the largest one being the al-Muhammadiyah Noria, located on the eastern side of the Orontes River.

The Hama Water Wheels were damaged during the Syrian Civil War, and in 2014, UNESCO added them to its List of World Heritage Sites in Danger. However, efforts have been made to restore the norias to their former glory, and some have already been rehabilitated. The restoration of the Hama water wheels is seen as an important step in preserving Syria's cultural heritage.

The Hama Water Wheels are not just a symbol of Hama's history and culture. They are also a reminder of the city's reliance on agriculture and how its people used their ingenuity to harness the power of the Orontes River to grow crops and sustain themselves. The water wheels of Hama are a testament to the creativity and resourcefulness of the people of Syria, and they will continue to be an important part of the city's identity for generations to come.

Aleppo Souq

Located in the heart of the ancient city of Aleppo, the Aleppo Souq is a historical market that dates back to the 14th century. The souq was initially a commercial hub for the trade of spices, textiles, and other goods from the Orient, Europe, and beyond. Throughout the centuries, the market expanded gradually, and it became a melting pot of cultures and traditions, attracting merchants and visitors from all over the world.

The souq includes a maze of narrow alleyways that stretch over a vast area of the Old City, with numerous interconnected bazaars, khans, and courtyards. At first glance, the souq may seem overwhelming, with its vibrant colors, sounds, and scents. However, once you immerse yourself in its bustling atmosphere, you can experience the authentic Middle Eastern culture and its intricate customs.

One could spend hours wandering around the souq's passages, discovering the various artisanal shops, tea houses, and restaurants. You can find anything from spices, handmade soaps, copperware, antiques, textiles, jewelry, and more. The market's architecture features domes, arches, and vaults decorated with intricate mosaics, carvings, and inscriptions, which add to the market's historical and artistic value.

The Aleppo Souq witnessed many ups and downs throughout its long history. However, the Syrian civil war had a profound impact on the market. In 2012, fierce clashes broke out between the Syrian army and the rebel forces, causing the souq to suffer extensive damages from fires, shelling, and looting. It was one of the most significant losses to Syria's cultural heritage, and it affected the livelihoods of thousands of shop owners and craftsmen who depended on the market's income.

However, despite the devastation, efforts to rebuild and restore the souq have been underway. UNESCO, in collaboration with the Syrian government and local associations, has initiated several rehabilitation projects aimed at preserving the souq's historical significance and reviving its economic and social role. Recently, some areas of the souq have been restored, and some shops have reopened, giving hope to the people of Aleppo and the world that the souq's legacy will survive and thrive.

In conclusion, the Aleppo Souq is not just a marketplace, but a cultural gem and a testimony to the Syrian people's resilience and creativity. The souq embodies Syria's rich history, diverse heritage, and warm hospitality and deserves recognition and protection from all of us. It is our duty to preserve and promote such invaluable cultural assets for future generations to appreciate and learn from.

Tartous Beaches

Located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean, Tartous is a small coastal city in Syria that is often overlooked by tourists. However, those who do venture out to this hidden gem are rewarded with some of the most beautiful beaches in the country.

Tartous boasts a long stretch of pristine coastline, dotted with sandy beaches and crystal-clear waters. Some of the most popular beaches among locals and tourists are Jableh Beach, Ras Al-Bassit Beach, and Al-Mansouri Beach.

Jableh Beach is the largest and most famous beach in Tartous, stretching over 10 kilometers along the coast. It is known for its soft sand and shallow waters, making it perfect for families with young children. The beach is also equipped with facilities such as showers, restrooms, and restaurants, ensuring a comfortable and enjoyable experience.

Ras Al-Bassit Beach, on the other hand, is a bit more secluded and tranquil. It is located in a small bay surrounded by rocky cliffs, giving it a sense of serenity and seclusion. The beach is also known for its impressive rock formations and caves, which are perfect for exploring.

For those seeking a more adventurous experience, Al-Mansouri Beach is the place to be. Located on the outskirts of Tartous, this beach is known for its strong winds and high waves, making it a popular spot for windsurfing and other water sports. The beach is also surrounded by beautiful green mountains, offering a stunning backdrop for any activity.

Aside from its beautiful beaches, Tartous also has a rich history and culture worth exploring. The city has been inhabited since ancient times, and evidence of its past can be seen in its historic sites such as the Crusader Castle and the Citadel of Tartous.

Despite its many attractions, Tartous remains an undiscovered destination for many travelers. While Syria has been affected by conflict in recent years, Tartous has remained relatively safe and is still welcoming visitors. So, if you're looking for a peaceful and beautiful beach vacation, Tartous should definitely be on your list.

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